THE COMBAT WARRANTY IN THE PROTECTION RUSSIA
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Almost 80 years ago, on May 6 1937, in the United States suffered
wreck German airship "Hindenburg", the largest
the balloon of its time. As a result of hydrogen explosion
35 of 97 people died, who were on board.
The death of the "Hindenburg" in fact became the end of a short,
but a bright era of passenger and commercial vehicles
dirigibles. But in the military these balloons continued
be used throughout of the 20th century and remain
in demand in the new century.
The third echelon
The programs for creating combat dirigibles in the interests of
armed forces have many developed countries.
Advantages of these flying The devices are obvious: large
carrying capacity and range non-stop flights,
smaller than that of airplanes and helicopters, fuel consumption,
high reliability, duration being in the air. Besides
Moreover, for airships not need a takeoff and landing
strip - run it almost any
more or less flat area. To the disadvantages of balloons
low speed (up to 160 kilometers per hour)
and weak maneuverability, However, there are tasks for
which these factors do not play a critical role.
In July 2015, an advisor first deputy general
Director of the "Radioelectronic" Technology "(KRET) Vladimir
Mikheev told RIA Novosti about the beginning of work on the project
airship for missile defense of the country. He can
become a full-fledged element warning systems
on the missile attack (SWAD), which for today
The day consists of two echelons - orbital satellite
grouping and ground radar stations.
"The main advantage airship is a big
surface on which it is possible to place antenna
system, - said Vladimir Mikheev. - These locators
can record starts intercontinental ballistic
missiles (ICBMs), trajectory flight of their head parts.
CRET will provide an electronic "Stuffing", and the balloon itself
develops aeronautical center "Augur".
This is a promising airship "Atlant", the first
whose flight is planned for the year 2018. It is being developed
in three versions - with load-carrying capacity 16, 60
and 170 tons. For military needs, most likely, will be used
more severe models. It was stated, that "Atlanta" will be able to work
at heights of up to 10 thousand meters - this can be enough
in order to detect the warhead of ICBMs in the overclocking
and the final sections of it trajectory.
In addition, a large carrying capacity and flight range - up to
5000 meters - will allow to use these airships for transportation
military equipment. Most large "Atlant" in its
carrying capacity will surpass even a heavy military transport
An-124 aircraft - 170 tons against 120. Theoretically, he can
to raise three tanks into the air T-90 with full ammunition
or eight combat vehicles infantry BMP-3.
Replacement for satellites
At the same time, "Atlant" is not the most unusual project
aerostat, which for today the day is in the stage
development. Perspective unmanned dirigible
"Berkut" from the company "Augur" can climb the heights
20-23 kilometers and stay in the air as much as three or four
months! Such a duration flight was achieved
thanks to the power supply system from solar panels. Him
the main tasks will be high-altitude communications
aerial photography, as well as overseeing large
areas. But in theory it can be used
and for electronic fight, anti-aircraft
defense, target designation. Similar aircraft
could be useful, for example, Russian military arctic
grouping - in conditions months of polar
Berkut will not experience no problems with power supply.
In general, stratospheric airships In time,
good replacement for satellites cellular communication as a military,
both civil and military. Aerostat, hovering at a height
20 kilometers, is capable of ensure sustainable
communication at ranges up to 760 kilometers. Wherein
airships are cheaper satellites to launch them
do not need a booster, they do not clutter up the orbit
after the end of the term operation. And in the case of
breakage balloon can be put on the ground for repair.
In different years, their projects stratospheric dirigibles
dual-use Central aerohydrodynamic
the Zhukovsky Institute, Dolgoprudnenskoye design
Bureau of Automatics, NPF "Aerostatika" and a number of other enterprises.
However, so far none of them was not implemented. More
There is not one in the world active stratospheric
airship. To aircraft designers until you can create
Reliable enough solar batteries of the necessary dimensions,
able for a long time autonomy
work of a balloon.
And how are they?
In the US military programs airships are developing
in two directions - tactical and strategic. To the first
are mini-balloons Combat SkySat Phase 1 by weight
two kilos that have already been used in Iraq.
They provided radio communication between ground units
in a radius of 320 kilometers. The plans of the US military
- increase load capacity these "babies", so that
they could be installed optional equipment.
For example, kamaz permission. Cost of one
aerostat - only about two thousand dollars. They
could become cheap alternative to reconnaissance
drones.
Towards a strategic direction stratospheric
airships, for example, a project Stratelite. This telecommunications
platform for support connections in the area around
800 thousand square kilometers in production and not
went - civil customer found it too expensive
and difficult in production. A similar fate befell
and superheavy transport airship Walrus, development
which was dealt with by the Agency advanced defense research
projects of the Pentagon (DARPA). This Leviathan was supposed to
lift cargo from 500 to 1000 tons and to transport
its for a range of 22 thousand kilometers per week. AT
the present is American scientists are creating
reconnaissance airship, able to work for
altitudes of about 80 kilometers, that is, on the upper bounds
stratosphere.
In the US there were several projects military high-altitude dirigibles,
which was planned arm with cruise missiles
and corrected bombs, but they were refused
still under development concepts - huge sluggish
The balloons would be too easy target for funds
Air Defense of a probable enemy.
This problem decide China that has experienced
in 2015, the airship Yuanmeng, which in the future, as claimed,
will be able to climb as much as 100 kilometers - height,
unreachable for existing surface-to-air missile systems.
This aircraft will be filled with 18 thousand
cubic meters of helium and can be in the air until
48 hours. A little, but "rustle" in the presence of powerful weapons
he can bring: Western journalists have already dubbed
this giant "hunter" for the aircraft carriers. "
Its airships projects dual-use
and European concerns. The German company Cargolifter
AG in the late 90's beginning development of the balloon Cargolifter
CL160, capable of carrying 160 tons of cargo per distance
in 10 thousand kilometers. but he was never built
- the company went bankrupt in 2002. And erected
for an airship huge hangar length 160, width
220 and a height of 106 meters in Wiesbaden turned into
amusement park «Tropical islands ".
Adjust balloons for military needs
and in Belarus. Back in 2005 there the design began there
multi-purpose reconnaissance airship capable of replacing
long-range radar detection and control
A-50. It was argued that six such balloons will
fully control air situation
space of the country. but about this project since
so anything also it was not audible.
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