Hello! I am Cristiane Amarante, an archaeologist,
and our subject today is: Archeology even
underwater.
Our subject today is the indication of a book
called "Archeology even underwater."
It's about underwater archeology,
and it was written by Gilson Rambelli, the first
underwater archaeologist in Brazil.
Gilson Rambelli began his research here
in Brazil in the field of
underwater archeology around 1992.
He developed his master's degree at the University of São Paulo,
and his doctorate also, on this subject.
Incidentally, this book was his master's
thesis that was turned into a book.
Currently, Gilson Rambelli is a professor
at the Federal University of Sergipe and coordinates
the Laboratory of Archeology
of Aquatic Environments in this same institution.
Well, what's the book about?
The book will tell you a bit about
the history of the archeology of
aquatic environments and how the diving
developed, how the development of diving
helped that part of
archeology, that branch, that field of archeology
research, also develop. After
all, at first, divers
depended on the surface for diving.
For example, a diver who dived with the
diving suit; he depended on who was on the
surface to breathe.
More or less in the 60s or 70s,
what is now called "aqualunde" has been developed,
which people call a bottle, that is, the compressed
air goes in that cylinder and the diver
doesn't need the surface anymore.
At least the creative diver
can dive independently of who is
on the surface. This object made
possible to excavate underwater in
archeology. Incidentally, underwater
excavations are another subject of this
book, which will explain which techniques are used.
In fact, it's dug underwater just as it's
dug into the ground. The difference
is that some methods have to be adapted; for example,
if on earth you put a line
separating a square, which is a square of 1 by 1
that is used to dig, underwater
you have to go down with the square made of PVC,
which is plastic. Why? Because otherwise
the wave will come and load your grid; it needs to be fixed
for you to keep working. Another
thing is that you can't work with is paintbrush
underwater; you need a sucker. What does sucker
do? It looks like a vacuum cleaner;
it sucks up that land
and remove the excess of dust and dirt so that you can
see and go down the levels, just as
you go down in the land.
So this is also an explanation you have here in this book.
Another thing it will explain, as it's a book from
2002, is the scenario of Brazilian archeology
in that period, which is very
different from the current one. After all, we're
in 2017; many archaeologists
have already developed research in the field
(among them I include myself, because I also study underwater
archeology). Nowadays, it's not said
archeology underwater only, but archeology of aquatic
environments, trying to understand the relation
of man to the water courses next to him,
that is, the sea, or a river, or a lake,
and each of these courses creates a
type of relationship. So study underwater archeology
or archeology of aquatic environments, of course
if you know how to dive, much better,
because you can see what is underwater.
But you can also not dive in and still understand
that relationship. A critique that
people from this field make for those who
aren't, is that other archaeologists
search for sites on the water's banks and the site
extends underwater, and that part that is submerged
ends up not being excavated.
And in theoretical terms, often
that part ends up being unconsidered,
that is, that people, who were there in that place, had a
relation with the sea or with the river, but the archaeologist
is so focused on the earth, that
studies only the relation
of those people to the terrestrial environment
and not to the aquatic environment. So, this was
a discussion that underwater archeology
has brought in the last 20, 25 years
and has greatly expanded the research in Brazil in
relation to these sites that we call interface sites,
that is, they are a part of the earth and
another part in the water.
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